Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

Trapezoidal open channels are among the most common and optimized sections that used in water conveyance system. Thus investigation of flow conditions in them is very essential. One of the most important related subjects is lateral velocity component that produced cells in secondary flow. Several parameters such as channel roughness can intervene on how cells were formed. In the present study applying CFD methods using ANSYS CFX package flow condition in trapezoidal open channels withroughed boundary were simulated and variation of cells in secondary flow and distribution of hydraulic parameters such as mean depth velocity and boundary shear stress under uniform increase of boundary roughness were investigated. The results showed changes in sizes as well as the cells location due to uniform roughness increase. Also this increase was caused decrease in mean depth velocity and increase in boundary shear stress.

This study was an attempt to explore the status of sexism in current English Language Teaching (ELT) textbooks that are locally designed to cater for and respond to the English language needs of Iranian students at secondary schools. To this end, two types of analysis were performed to examine the manifestation(s) of sexist attitudes and values in two textbooks Right Path to English 1 & H. First, a systematic quantitative content analysis was carried out with reference to (a) sex visibility in both texts and illustrations and (b) female/male topic presentation in dialogs and reading passages. Secondly, a qualitative inquiry was made into (a) sex-linked job possibilities, (b) sexbased activity types, (c) stereotyped sex roles (d) firstness and (e) masculine generic conception. Results revealed that Right Path to English I & II can be considered sexist textbooks that present students, in their early exposure to the English language, with an unfair and inexcusable picture of women. It is suggested that this sexism, though embarrassing and undesirable, seems to mirror the unfair sex discrimination to the disadvantage of women in society.

Background & Aim: The most detailed information about neural activity comes from intracellular recording. Not only this technique shows the pattern of neural action potential, but it also records the cellular events which give rise to the action potential, including variations in the resting potential, changes in cellular resistance and synaptic potentials.Results: Using this method with manipulation of the composition of the bathing solution (c.hanging ionic concentrations or adding drugs) the ionic mechanisms responsible for these potentials can be identified. It is also possible to investigate the mechanisms of actions of drugs such as dental sealers on neuronal excitability.Conclusion: In the present study, intracellular recording technique has been introduced in dental materials research as a valuable method to determine the neurotoxicity of endodontic sealers on neuronal cells.

It is important in Hydraulic and river engineering to estimate the mean velocity and turbulence intensity to identify the presence of secondary currents, its shape and position. The flow of channels consists of three conponents of velocity, one component in the direction of flow and two components in the transverse direction of the channel. Due to the heterogeneity of the velocity fluctuations, a series of vortex vortices in the channel section to be formed which is called secondary currents cells. The secondary currents are dependent on factors such as bed roughness, channel slope and shear stress. The present study investigates the effect of bed roughness form on the pattern of secondary currents with numerical modeling in Flow-3D software by using RNG turbulent model. This research has been carried out according to the data of the Negara laboratory model carried out at the Hydraulic Laboratory of Singapore National University. In the results obtained from the mean velocity profile, the mean error for triangular roughness trough was 9. 94% and for roughness crest was 3. 71%. in the case of shear velocity, the error for triangular roughness was obtained at three cross sections x=4, x=5 and x=6 respectively 6. 58%, 6. 86% and 5. 67% which demonstrates the good fit of the numerical model results with the reference laboratory model. The flow conditions in the channel were designed and studied for three types (rectangular roughness, trapezoidal roughness with an internal angle of 80 degrees and trapezoidal roughness with an internal angle of 55 degrees) of roughness that are most used in hydraulic structures. The results of the study on the turbulence intensity, secondary currents and turbulence kinetic energy showed the effect of trapezoidal roughness with an internal angle of 55 degrees relative to the other two forms of roughness. The difference in the turbulence intensity in trapezoidal roughness with an internal angle of 55 degrees relative to a triangular roughness at a height of 0. 1 meter from the channel bed was obtained at about 4. 54%, which is affected by a sharp roughness. The location of the center of the contour nucleus begins in the depth of about 0. 2 meters, due to channel size B/H=1. 5 of less than 5, the channel is narrow and justifies the presence of vortices in the middle. On the other hand, the tendency of cells to the left and right walls of the canal is also affected by roughness geometry with also different from the deformation of the location of these cells. In trapezoidal roughness with an internal angle of 55 degrees, there is a tendency to both walls. The turbulence kinetic energy contour with the center of the nucleus begins at the roughness crest with an approximate value of 0. 0002 for all roughness, but its location is different in relation to the roughness geometry. In fact, the turbulence kinetic energy is the effect of oscillating velocity components that the existence of external rotations is the effect of the redistribution of energy by velocity tensor, which is responsible for the formation of secondary current cells.